Sunday, November 9, 2008

Timeline: Bali bomb trials

The BBC News website chronicles the key events in the aftermath of the Bali attacks.

Police officers inspect the ruins of a nightclub destroyed by an explosion in Denpasar, Bali (13 October 2002)
More than 200 people were killed in the Bali bombings

12 October 2002 - Two bombs explode in the Kuta tourist strip on the Indonesian island of Bali. One hits Paddy's Irish Bar, and the second explodes in a van outside the nearby Sari club. A total of 202 people die as a result. A third bomb explodes near Bali's US consulate, but no one is hurt.

19 October - Police arrest Muslim cleric Abu Bakar Ba'asyir in connection with a spate of church bombings across Indonesia in 2000. Intelligence officials suspect him of heading the shadowy South East Asian militant group Jemaah Islamiah - which is said to have links to Osama Bin Laden's al-Qaeda network.

7 November - Indonesian police arrest the first suspect for the Bali bomb blasts, a mechanic called Amrozi bin Nurhasyim. Under questioning, he admits to playing a role in the attacks.

12 November - A taped message, purported to be from Osama Bin Laden, praises the Bali bombers as "zealous sons of Islam".

21 November - Police arrest another key suspect, Imam Samudra, as he is about to board a ferry for Sumatra. Police believe he was the planner or "field commander" of the Bali operation.

4 December - Amrozi's older brother Mukhlas ( also known as Ali Gufron), is arrested close to the Central Javanese town of Solo. At the time of his arrest, he is not linked to the Bali attack, but he is later accused of being the "mastermind" behind the bombings. Police also say he is Jemaah Islamiah's operations chief.

14 January 2003 - Ali Imron, younger brother of Amrozi and Mukhlas, is arrested as he tries to flee the country.

28 January - After months of hinting, police formally blame Jemaah Islamiah for the bombings.

29 January - Police link Abu Bakar Ba'asyir to the attacks, although he is not formally named as a suspect.

11 February - Ali Imron publicly admits his role in the attacks, and demonstrates how they were carried out. He says he feels sorry for the families of the victims, but describes the US and its allies as "legitimate targets".

23 April - Abu Bakar Ba'asyir goes on trial, charged with plotting to overthrow the Jakarta Government, involvement in a series of church bombings and an aborted bomb attack in Singapore.

12 May - Amrozi goes on trial, charged with helping plan the attacks, as well as with buying the explosives and owning the van used in the bombings.

28 May - While giving evidence at the trial of Abu Bakar Ba'asyir, Mukhlas admits having a role in the bombings, and says he knows Osama Bin Laden well.

2 June - Imam Samudra becomes the second key suspect to go on trial.

11 June - Appearing at Amrozi's trial, Imam Samudra denies playing a direct role in the attacks, but says he could be "morally responsible".

16 June - Mukhlas becomes the third key Bali suspect to go on trial.

17 June - An inquiry in Australia hears that Prime Minister John Howard's government knew of a possible threat to Bali four months before the attack.

23 June - Mukhlas accuses police interrogators of torturing him into confessing a role in the attacks. He asks the court to ignore his earlier admissions of guilt.

30 June - Police catch another key Bali suspect, Idris - who is alleged to have organised accommodation and financed the attack. Prosecutors also announce that they are seeking the death penalty against Amrozi.

14 July - Amrozi tells the court that the attack had "positive aspects", because it encouraged people to re-embrace religion and weakened the corrupting influence of foreign tourists.

16 July - Imam Samudra says the bombing was "justifiable" under Islamic teachings, and its purpose was to "avenge the killings of Muslims by the United States and its allies".

21 July -Ali Imron becomes the fourth key suspect to go on trial.

23 July - Idris admits he was responsible for exploding the bomb near the US consulate in Bali.

28 July - Prosecutors seek the death penalty for Imam Samudra.

31 July - A key witness at the trial of one of the Bali bombing suspects says al-Qaeda may have helped fund the attack.

5 August -A car bomb explodes in Jakarta, which Indonesian police say has similarities to the Bali attack.

7 August - Amrozi is found guilty of helping plan and carry out the attacks. He is sentenced to death.

14 August - Hambali, dubbed the "Osama Bin Laden" of South East Asia, is arrested in Thailand. Police believe he was involved in the Bali bombings and a string of other regional attacks, as well as being a leading member of JI.

2 September - Abu Bakar Ba'asyir is convicted of subversion, after judges say he knew about and supported the actions of JI, even if he was not directly involved. The subversion charge is later overturned on appeal.

3 September - Prosecutors ask for a 20-year jail term for Ali Imron, saying they do not want the death sentence because the defendant had expressed remorse for what he had done.

10 September - Imam Samudra is found guilty of organising attacks and sentenced to death.

18 September - Ali Imron is convicted of planning an act of terrorism and sentenced to life in prison, after the court said it had taken into account his expression of regret.

25 September - Lawyers for Amrozi lodge appeal against his death sentence, in a process expected to take years to resolve.

2 October - Mukhlas is sentenced to death for acting as the overall co-ordinator of the attacks. He says he will appeal.

12 October - The first year anniversary of the bombings, which killed 202 people.

20 November - Imam Samudra lodges an appeal against his sentence with the Supreme Court.

7 January 2004 - The Supreme Court rejects Amrozi's appeal. His lawyers say they will now file a judicial review, a process which could take months.

29 January - Sarjiyo, also known as Sawad, is jailed for life for helping to make the Bali bombs. He says he will appeal.

27 April - Idris, also known as Jhoni Hendrawan, goes on trial, accused of helping to carry out the Bali attack.

30 April - Abu Bakar Ba'asyir is rearrested on suspicion of terrorism, with police saying they have enough evidence to show he was the leader of militant group Jemaah Islamiah, blamed for the Bali bombings.

23 July - Indonesia's highest court rules an anti-terrorism law enacted in the wake of the Bali attacks and used to convict the Bali bombers should not have been used retroactively.

28 July - Police drop plans to charge Abu Bakar Ba'asyir over the Bali bombings, but he will still be charged with heading Jemaah Islamiah.

24 August - Idris, also known as Jhoni Hendrawan, is cleared of his part in the Bali bombings, even though he admitted a role, due to July's ruling on the anti-terrorism law.

7 September - Imam Samudra publishes an autobiography, I Fight Terrorists, justifying his role in the attacks.

15 October - Abu Bakar Ba'asyir is charged with being the spiritual leader of Jemaah Islamiah and involvement in the bombing of the JW Marriott Hotel in Jakarta in 2003. The cleric is charged over the Bali bombings under ordinary criminal legislation, rather than the harsher anti-terrorism laws that were only brought in after the 2002 attacks.

4 November - Abu Bakar Ba'asyir tells a court in Jakarta that the charges against him are "jokes" and a plot, backed by the US, to keep him in jail.

1 February 2005 - Abu Bakar Ba'asyir formally denies any involvement in the Bali bombings and the Marriott hotel attack. He says the bombers were wrong to stage attacks in Indonesia, because it was not a nation at war. The cleric also denies being connected to Jemaah Islamiah.

3 March - An Indonesian court finds Abu Bakar Ba'asyir guilty of conspiracy over the Bali bombings, but is cleared of more serious charges over a bomb attack on the Marriott hotel. The judges say Ba'asyir had given his approval for the Bali bombings. He is jailed for two-and-a-half years, a sentence which Australia's foreign minister describes as "disappointing".

6 August - Indonesia's Supreme Court rejects a final appeal from Abu Bakar Ba'asyir, upholding his original 30-month sentence.

17 August - Indonesian authorities reduce the 30-month sentence handed down to Abu Bakar Ba'asyir by four months and 15 days for good behaviour. Seventeen others convicted of playing a role in the Bali bombings have their sentences cut by three months.

1 October - Three suicide bomb attacks in two tourist areas in Bali kill 23 people - among them foreign nationals. More than 150 others are injured as blasts rip through three restaurants - two in the Jimbaran beach resort, the third in Kuta. Anti-terrorism officials say the attacks appear to have been carried out by Jemaah Islamiah.

7 October - The US offers $10m for information leading to the capture or death of a key suspect in the 2002 Bali bombings. The suspect, known as Dulmatin, is an electronics specialist and a senior figure in Jemaah Islamiah.

20 October - Amrozi, Mukhlas and Imam Samudra will not seek presidential pardons, prosecutors say, and are "ready to be executed anytime soon".

10 November - Police say fingerprints taken from a man killed in East Java match those of Azahari Husin, a Malaysian explosives expert believed to have built the bombs used in the 2002 Bali attacks.

14 June 2006 - Abu Bakar Ba'asyir is released from prison in Jakarta. Australian Prime Minister John Howard says his country would be "distressed" by the move.

21 August - The executions of Amrozi, Mukhlas and Imam Samudra are postponed after they authorise their lawyers to file a last appeal

5 September - An Indonesian militant is jailed for eight years for his role in the 2005 triple suicide bombings in Bali. Abdul Aziz is convicted of sheltering the bombings' alleged mastermind, Malaysian-born fugitive Noordin Mohammad Top.

7 September - A court sentences two militants to jail for their part in the 2005 Bali bombings. Mohammad Cholily is found guilty of supplying equipment used in the attacks, while Dwi Widyarto convicted for helping transfer onto disc a video of Noordin Mohammad Top.

14 September - Former mobile phone salesman Anif Solchanudin is found guilty of helping to plan the 2005 Bali bombings and sentenced to 15 years.

7 December - Amrozi, Mukhlas and Imam Samudra launch a last-ditch appeal against the death sentences. Their lawyers say they plan to argue that the men were found guilty on the basis of retroactive legislation.

21 December - Abu Bakar Ba'asyir has his conviction for conspiracy in the 2002 Bali bombings overturned by the Supreme Court.

25 January 2007 - Dulmatin, a top militant wanted for the 2002 Bali bombings, is hurt in a gun battle in the Philippines, the country's military says.

11 May - Four children belonging to Dulmatin are taken into custody in the southern Philippines.

25 September - Indonesia's Supreme Court rejects the final appeals of Imam Samudra and Mukhlas. A court official says the men had provided no new evidence to challenge earlier verdicts. An appeal by Amrozi was rejected earlier in September.

12 October - Ceremonies are held in Bali and Australia to mark five years since the bombings. At dusk, 202 sea turtles are released into the sea at Kuta beach.

6 August 2008 - Amrozi, Mukhlas and Imam Samudra appeal against their death sentences at Indonesia's constitutional court. Their lawyers say shooting does not guarantee instant death and can thus be deemed torture. They say the men should die by beheading or lethal injection.

21 October - Indonesia's constitutional court rejects an attempt by Amrozi, Mukhlas and Imam Samudra to change the method of their execution.

24 October - The Indonesian attorney-general's office says Amrozi, Mukhlas and Imam Samudra will be executed in early November.

3 November - Lawyers for Amrozi, Mukhlas and Imam Samudra file a new appeal, saying they had not been properly informed of the Supreme Court's rejection of an earlier appeal.

6 November - Families of British victims of the 2002 Bali bombings say executing their loved ones' killers would offer a "state-sponsored route to martyrdom".

8 November - Amrozi, Mukhlas and Imam Samudra are executed by firing squad on the island prison of Nusakambangan.

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